LED Phototherapy uses low intensity light emitting diodes to create a process similar to plant photosynthesis whereby plants use chlorophyll to convert sunlight into cellular building blocks.
The light emitted by the LEDs is absorbed by epidermal cells and produces a remarkable cascade of events.
ATP, (Adenosine Triphosphate) the form of energy that cells utilise, is produced in this process and used to power the metabolic processes that synthesize DNA, RNA, needed proteins, enzymes, and other biological materials needed to repair or regenerate cell and tissue components; foster mitosis or cell proliferation; and/or restore homeostasis.
Studies of LED phototherapy have shown skin textural improvement accompanied by increased collagen deposition with reduced MMP-1 (collagenase) activity in the papillary dermis. Using phototherapy, scientists theorise that we are both slowing down collagen breakdown and building up new collagen.
One of the benefits of LED phototherapy is that a wide range of Fitzpatrick skin types can be treated safely. Because of the low-intensity and specific bandwidth control of the light source, (Absorbed energy typically less than a 25 watt light bulb) there is no thermal damage to the epidermis.
LED phototherapy offers novel, safe, non-ablative approach to photoaging when used in conjunction with specific skin care products.
What is pulse therapy?
Pulsed light devices have been available as medical devices for more than 30 years. Both types of devices are widely used in the medical and cosmetic community today. Initially, laser style devices were used for ablation or surgery because of their destructive properties, but today’s devices are more often than not an array of powerful super-luminous diodes (SLEDs) in red/blue/infrared wavelengths (colors) typically pulsed at very rapid rates from 73-4698Hz. Laser devices are commonly referred to as either “hot” or “cold” and known as Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) while devices employing the use of SLEDs are collectively known as photomodulation devices or Low Energy Photo Therapy (LEPT) irrespective of the intended use. Pulsed light, of either source, is used on the body to treat muscle disorders, manage pain, improve wound healing and improve skin condition.
Phototherapy devices vary in the wavelength and power. At the lower segment of the market devices have a few non-pulsed low ouput red LEDs. These devices are essentially toys and have virtually no therapeutic effect, especially devices that operate on a couple of AA or AAA batteries. At the upper end of the market, devices use thousands of SLEDs with significant power outputs in 1-3 wavelengths. The Lumavescence device stands as the market leader with 3,600 Red, Blue and Infrared SLEDs in a single device.
How does pulsed light help smooth the skin?
To understand the biological basis of products designed to improve the skin, it’s helpful to know something about what causes photo-aging. Following ultraviolet light exposure skin cells begin to accumulate reactive oxygen species. These reactive oxygen species not only damage cells and DNA, but also trigger cellular and molecular events that can break down collagen. This alteration in collagen homeostasis contributes to skin aging. However, pulsed light stimulates the cells to produce new collagen. Through a complicated process that is not well understood with the application of monochromatic light, the production of ATP promotes cell regeneration which in turn leads to skin smoothing; i.e. wrinkle reduction.
Photomodulation is especially beneficial for fine lines and wrinkles and while it has positive effects on long standing deep wrinkles and creases, other therapies such as Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) may be more effective in the short term when used in conjunction with photomodulation.
Does it hurt?
Light itself is 100% painless. Photomodulation is simply streaming photons at you, no different than standing near a light bulb. You may experience a warm sensation on the order of 2 to 4 degrees celsius during the session from the 3600 SLEDs. After treatment, you should reduce direct exposure to the sun as much as possible.
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